RI panggang atas Catatan hak Asasi Manusia Pada Sesi HAM PBB

Laporan Yohanna Ririhena, The Jakarta Post - Jenewa

Jenewa,-- Anggota Komite Hak Asasi Manusia PBB mempertanyakan komitmen Indonesia untuk menyelesaikan pelanggaran HAM, melindungi agama minoritas dan penggunaan kekuatan yang berlebihan di kalangan aparat negara, pada sesi review PBB pada Rabu.

Panitia, yang terdiri dari 18 ahli hak asasi manusia dari seluruh dunia, menyoroti bahwa kegagalan untuk menegakkan hukum dan ketertiban mengakibatkan pelanggaran hak asasi, selama penilaian pertama pelaksanaan Kovenan Internasional tentang Hak Sipil dan Politik (ICCPR).

Pertanyaan rinci dan tajam menyentuh berbagai kasus termasuk pembunuhan aktivis hak asasi Munir pada tahun 2004; pembunuhan ekstra yudisial di Papua, UU 2008 tentang pornografi yang dianggap diskriminatif terhadap perempuan dan masyarakat LBGTIQ, penerapan hukum Syariah di Aceh, dan serangan terhadap pengikut Syiah di Madura, Jawa Timur, pada Ahmadiyah di Cikeusik, Jawa Barat, di gereja maupun di festival film gay.

Komite wakil ketua Yadh Ben Achour mencatat budaya endemik impunitas meski negara meratifikasi ICCPR. Ia mempertanyakan mengapa Kejaksaan Agung (Kejagung) telah gagal untuk melanjutkan dengan rekomendasi dari Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia (Komnas HAM).

"Ada ketegangan dan rekomendasi tidak selalu diterima dengan baik. Ada tuduhan bahwa pemerintah diminta untuk mengabaikan rekomendasi Komnas HAM. "

Achour juga meneliti tentang kesesuaian peraturan daerah (perda) dan hukum nasional dan norma-norma internasional.

"Ada kontradiksi antara otonomi dan pemerintah," tegasnya.

Ia meminta penjelasan mengenai penerapan hukum Syariah di Aceh, khususnya mengenai hukuman fisik. "Apakah itu sesuai dengan ICCPR, terutama pada penggunaan kekuatan yang berlebihan?"

Delegasi Indonesia yang terdiri 22 pejabat pemerintah, polisi dan militer yang dipimpin oleh Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Direktur Departemen umum HAM Harkristuti Harkrisnowo, disajikan sebuah laporan awal tentang keadaan hak-hak sipil dan politik di markas PBB di Jenewa pada hari Rabu dan Kamis.

Menanggapi pertanyaan anggota komite ', Harkristuti menekankan bahwa konstitusi tidak mengatakan apa-apa tentang konvensi internasional. "Status instrumen internasional adalah sama dengan undang-undang nasional, tidak di atas. Dalam kasus konflik, maka akan dibawa ke Mahkamah Agung. "

Pada isu kebijakan dan program untuk pelaksanaan ICCPR, katanya, itu telah tercermin dalam rencana aksi HAM nasional dan melalui berbagai peraturan nasional dan regional.

Perwakilan LSM Indonesia mengkritik pemerintah tentang penjelasan yang kredibel.

Poengky Indarti dari Imparsial berpendapat bahwa pemerintah belum menyentuh pada fakta-fakta yang nyata. "Dengan [besar] delegasi, pemerintah seharusnya sudah menyiapkan data yang lebih mandiri, dan tidak hanya sikap membela."

Choirul Anam dari Kelompok Kerja Hak Asasi Manusia menyesalkan penjelasan pemerintah, mengatakan ada kurangnya data konkret dan rinci.

Pakar PBB: Pembangunan di Indonesia tidak boleh mengancam perumahan yang layak bagi kaum miskin

UN Special Rapporteur on the right to adequate housing Raquel Rolnik. UN Photo/Ryan Brown

Geneva,-- 11 Juni 2013 - Indonesia harus memastikan bahwa pembangunan perkotaan dan ekonomi tidak menempatkan perumahan yang layak risiko untuk warga miskin, seorang ahli independen Bangsa Amerika menekankan hari ini, menambahkan bahwa pemerintah harus berjuang untuk kemajuan inklusif.

 

"Saya khawatir bahwa dalam beberapa kasus pembangunan memiliki dampak mundur tentang hak atas perumahan yang layak," kata Pelapor Khusus tentang perumahan yang layak , Raquel Rolnik, mengacu pada laporan penggusuran di daerah pedesaan dan perkotaan untuk membuat jalan bagi publik dan perkembangan pribadi.

 

Ms Rolnik menggarisbawahi bahwa penggusuran adalah pelanggaran berat hukum hak asasi manusia internasional. "Saya meminta pemerintah untuk memastikan bahwa undang-undang yang mengatur penggusuran ini sejalan dengan kewajiban HAM internasional Indonesia dan sepatutnya diterapkan pada lembaga negara dan pihak ketiga," katanya pada akhir kunjungan pertamanya ke negara itu.

 

"Lebih bisa dan harus dilakukan untuk memprioritaskan paling miskin segmen masyarakat dalam kebijakan dan program perumahan pemerintah."

 

Selama kunjungannya, Ms Rolnik memeriksa beberapa kebijakan perumahan dan program, beberapa menargetkan rumah tangga berpendapatan rendah. Sementara dia memuji keragaman program, yang meliputi peningkatan permukiman informal dan apartemen sewa berpenghasilan rendah, ia menyatakan keprihatinan bahwa Pemerintah saat ini berkonsentrasi pada upaya dan sumber daya pada kebijakan pembiayaan perumahan, yang dapat merusak akses ke perumahan yang terjangkau bagi miskin.

 

"Kebijakan pembiayaan perumahan secara inheren diskriminatif terhadap orang miskin - mereka yang tinggal di permukiman informal, bekerja di pasar informal dan petani skala kecil, yang mewakili sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia, tetapi tidak dapat mengakses kredit formal dan karena itu tidak bisa mendapatkan keuntungan dari kebijakan tersebut, "dia memperingatkan , menambahkan bahwa kebijakan ini juga mempercepat lonjakan harga perumahan dan lahan.

 

Ms Rolnik mendesak pemerintah untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan reformasi kebijakan pertanahan yang komprehensif untuk meningkatkan keamanan kepemilikan orang Indonesia dan mengatur dampak dari kekuatan pasar pada ketersediaan lahan dan keterjangkauan.

 

Dia juga menunjuk pada budaya organisasi kemasyarakatan yang kuat sebagai aset negara dapat digunakan untuk memanfaatkan kekuatan individu dan menerapkan strategi perumahan pro-kaum miskin nasional berdasarkan standar hak asasi manusia.

 

Selama kunjungannya 12 hari, Ms Rolnik bertemu pejabat senior pemerintah, lembaga donor, organisasi internasional, lembaga HAM nasional, lembaga keuangan, masyarakat sipil dan masyarakat di Jakarta, Makassar, Surabaya dan Yogyakarta.

 

Ahli independen, atau pelapor khusus, ditunjuk oleh Dewan HAM untuk memeriksa dan melaporkan kembali pada situasi negara atau tema hak asasi manusia tertentu. Mereka bekerja dalam kapasitas yang belum dibayar. Ms Rolnik dijadwalkan untuk menyajikan laporan terakhirnya di Indonesia pada Maret 2014.

 Sumber: United Nation News Centre

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Pakar hak asasi manusia PBB mendesak Independen Indonesia untuk menghentikan eksekusi

INDONESIA: Ongoing violence in Papua and the need for dialogue

date: March 12, 2013
document id: ALRC-COS-22-13-2013
HRC section: Item 4, General Debate
Speaker: Mr. Budi Tjahjono

A Joint Oral Statement to the 22st Session of the UN Human Rights Council fromthe Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC), the Commission of the Churches on International Affairs / World Council of Churches ( CCIA/WCC), Dominicans for Justice and Peace (Order of Preachers), Franciscans International (FI), the International Coalition for Papua (ICP), Survival International (SI), United Evangelical Mission (UEM), Vivat International (VI), and the West Papua Netzwerk (WPN).


INDONESIA: Ongoing violence in Papua and the need for dialogue

This is a joint statement by the Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC), the Commission of the Churches on International Affairs / World Council of Churches (CCIA/WCC), Dominicans for Justice and Peace (Order of Preachers), Franciscans International (FI), the International Coalition for Papua (ICP), Survival International (SI), United Evangelical Mission (UEM), Vivat International (VI), and the West Papua Netzwerk (WPN).


A wave of persecution against political activists under the cover of anti-terrorism measures since summer last year has resulted in arbitrary arrests and fabrication of charges with the aim to silence political activists and human rights defenders in the Papuan provinces of Indonesia.


On January 21st, 20 inmates of the notorious Abepura prison, in which many of Papuan currently 33 political prisoners are located, were tortured and ill-treated. The prisoners were beaten with electro wires. We welcome the removal of the prison head following interventions from rights groups. However, to end the ongoing climate of impunity in Papua, criminal proceedings need to be started against these and all other perpetrators of torture, ill-treatment, intimidation and other human rights violations.


In another case on February 15th, 7 Papuans were stopped and arrested in Depapre, Papua and later brought to the Jayapura Police station. The victims were tortured while being interrogated about contacts to political and human rights activists who already had to go into hiding for several months. While 5 of the victims were released on the following day, Daniel Gobay and Matan Klembiab were falsely charged with illegal possession of sharp weapons under the emergency regulation 12/1951 as reported by the Asian Human Rights Commission

Source Published: http://www.alrc.net/doc/mainfile.php/hrc22/749

Global Lobby for West Papua Takes Off in Papua New Guinea (PNG)

Three Papua New Guinea politicians have joined an international campaign to support West Papuans persecuted by Indonesian authorities.

The PNG MPs reignited the controversial issue on Friday one week before the Indonesian government starts repatriating up to 700 West Papuans who live in PNG’s capital Port Moresby or towns along the shared border. Port Moresby’s Governor Powes Parkop said PNG had “turned a blind eye and deaf ear” to the issue.

MPs Jamie Maxton-Graham and Boka Kondra also criticised PNG’s inaction over the plight of their fellow Melanesians, who are an ethnic minority in Indonesia’s Papua province.

Maxton-Graham said he had been prompted to help launch and sign the PNG Charter of the International Parliamentarians for West Papua after seeing photos of atrocities on West Papuans allegedly committed by the Indonesian police and military.

“The international community and our charter says Indonesia must stop this,” Maxton-Graham said. He joined Parkop, Kondra and 50 MPs from other countries in signing the charter.

Australian Greens leader Senator Bob Brown, Greens Senator Sarah Hanson-Young and Greens MP Greg Barber are also signatories, alongside MPs from the UK, Sweden, Czech Republic, Vanuatu and New Zealand.

The charter calls for the UN to restore the “right of the indigenous people of West Papua to self-determination”.

Indonesia took formal control of the former Dutch colony in a widely criticised 1969 UN-sponsored vote among about 1000 handpicked villager elders from the Papuan region.

Since then Indonesia’s hardline security measures, including arrests of activists who try to fly Papua’s outlawed Morning Star flag, have helped quell the West Papua separatist movement.

But the long-running insurgency by poorly armed pro-independence guerillas continues.

It is estimated 10,000 to 20,000 West Papuans now live in PNG after they fled their homes on the Indonesian side because of few opportunities and human rights abuse.

Hundreds settled in a refugee camp near the border in PNG’s Southern Highlands region while a majority live and work in the country’s major centres like Port Moresby.

By Ilya Gridneff,  The Age Papua New Guinea Correspondent

More PORT MORESBY news

Human Rights mechanisms: Solutions or problems?

There were two meetings recently concerning two regional human rights mechanisms, which are important for Indonesia’s foreign policy. The first meeting was the 8th ASEAN Inter-governmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR) on the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration (AHRD) in Brunei Darussalam on Aug. 24-26, 2012. The second was the 2nd Independent and Permanent Human Rights Commission (IPHRC) of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) in Ankara, Turkey on Aug. 27-31, 2012.

Among other things, the OIC meeting was to adopt draft rules and procedure addressing human rights problems OIC and non-OIC countries such as Syria, Mali and the Rohingya Muslim problems in Myanmar.

AICHR was established on Oct. 23, 2009 in Thailand, based on Article 14 of the Charter. It members comprise 10 representatives from 10 ASEAN member countries.

Although the main objective of the commission is to promote human rights and fundamental freedoms for the peoples of ASEAN, member states opt for the “promotion first, protection later” formula for AICHR. It was designed without the power of investigation, monitoring, enforcement and interpretation of its Terms of Reference (TOR). The Commission is not equipped with a communication mechanism that allows members to reach out to people who endure human rights abuses on a daily basis.

Likewise, the statutes do not give the Commission a mandate to investigate human rights violations in member states. Rather is an advisory organ. Article 14 of the statutes say that the Commission is further restricted in the sense that it can only offer advice to “approving member states”.

While ASEAN member states appoint their representatives to AICHR for a period of three years, IPHRC employs a competitive selection process for its commissioners. Member states from three geographical areas (Africa, Asia and Middle East) can nominate candidates prior to the Council of Foreign Ministers (CFM), which elect the experts to work for three years, renewable once.

The formation of the two commissions is considered a landmark of institutional reform within the organizations known for their conservative perception of human rights. The commissions have raised the profile of ASEAN and OIC in the international community.

The current draft of the AHRD has included almost all rights guaranteed in the Universal Human Rights Declaration. But a number of sensitive issues remain, such as the rights of migrant workers, LGBTIQ, indigenous people and minorities and sexual rights.

Its “general principles” specifies that the implementation of rights must consider the regional and national context, bearing in mind different political, economic, legal, social, cultural and religious backgrounds.

Furthermore, the section also states that the exercise of human rights and fundamental freedoms shall be subject to such limitations as determined by law and to meet the just requirements of national security, public order, public health, public safety, public morality, as well as the general welfare of the peoples in a democratic society. Having said this, ASEAN has different standpoint on the limitations.

Besides, its closing paragraph says that the declaration may not be interpreted as encouraging any state, group or person to undermine the purposes and principles of ASEAN, which refers to the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of ASEAN member states.

These unresolved issues in AHRD, scheduled to be signed during the 21st ASEAN Summit in Phnom Penh in November this year, have rendered human rights meaningless.

Article 15 of the Charter states that IPHRC “shall promote the civil, political, social and economic rights enshrined in the organization’s covenants and declarations and in universally agreed human rights instruments, in conformity with Islamic values”.

Moreover, the 1990 Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam claims that Sharia is the only supreme source of reference (Article 25). Article 24 declares, “All the rights and freedoms stipulated in this Declaration are subject to the Islamic Sharia”. Article 22 stipulates, “Everyone shall have the right to express his opinion freely in such manner as would not be contrary to principles of Sharia.” Article 12 affirms, “every man shall have the right, within the framework of Sharia, to free movement”, which leads to the understanding that women can only travel with their muhrims (brother or husbands).

Its preamble asserts that fundamental rights and universal freedoms are “binding divine commandments, which contained in the Revealed Books of God and were sent through the Last of His Prophet”. This point submits to the Koran and the Prophet Muhammad.

While regional human rights mechanisms can be more sensitive to the problems and needs of the region and its people or ummah, it should uphold and respect international standards.

The establishment of AICHR and IPHRC can provide a unique opportunity for ASEAN and OIC to genuinely reform their view of human rights. To increase legitimacy and credibility which the two commissions are lacking, the two bodies should raise their bar on human rights high.

AHRD should set up common values and principles of achievement on human rights for all peoples and nations in Southeast Asia. Cairo Declaration should be revised to empower individuals, rather than states. These standards should not confuse the universal human rights norms.

ASEAN and OIC need to promote human rights. Both, in fact, have potential to contribute to the protection of human rights. More importantly, the commissions will show their relevance to the lives of people in the region in dealing with 21st century challenges.

AICHR and IPHRC should be part of the solution, rather than problems. They can play a role in transforming their member states from being the target of international scrutiny for alleged human rights abuses to be the promoter of fundamental freedoms around the world.

 The Jakarta Post News

---

The writer is senior advisor on ASEAN and Human Rights at Human Rights Working Group (HRWG) in Jakarta. The opinions expressed are her own.

Joint Oral Statement in the Adoption of the Outcome Document in the Universal Periodic Review of Indonesia

United Nations Human Rights Council, 21st Regular Session, 10 to 28 September 2012
Agenda Item 6

Joint Oral Statement by the ICJ and FIDH in the Adoption of the Outcome Document in the Universal Periodic Review of Indonesia

Madam President,

The International Commission of Jurists (ICJ) and the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) welcome the acceptance by the Government of Indonesia of the recommendation to ratify the Convention Against Enforced Disappearances and its commitment to combat impunity in the country. This commitment is significant not only nationally, but also regionally, since Indonesia plays an integral role in the establishment of an ASEAN human rights mechanism. Combating impunity, which includes fulfilling the rights to truth and to reparation for victims of enforced
disappearances, will not only have enormous positive impact on Indonesia, but also on the entire region.

It is in this light that we support the call of human rights defenders in Indonesia to the Government to set up an ad hoc Human Rights Court to look into the case of 13 pro-democracy activists who “disappeared” from 1997 to 1998. More than a decade has passed since their enforced disappearance and their families continue to wait to know the truth about the fate of their loved ones. 

The rights to truth and reparation are expressly recognized under international law, including under the Set of Principles for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights Through Action to Combat Impunity, which provides that States should “ensure the inalienable right to know the truth about violations”. In the case of death or enforced disappearance, this includes the right of victims’ families to know the truth about the fate of their loved ones. The Set of Principles also asserts that violations of human rights give rise to the right to reparation on the part of the victim or the victim’s beneficiaries.

We therefore urge the Government of Indonesia to act on its expressed commitment to combat impunity in the country and immediately and effectively resolve all cases of enforced disappearance in the country.

I thank you. Published: http://www.fidh.org/Joint-Oral-Statement-in-the-12196